호주 개발자 이야기

C++11 and C++14 introduced key features such as move semantics, uniform initialization, lambda expressions, auto and decltype, concurrency and parallelism, generalized constant expressions, and binary literals and digit separators, improving performance, memory usage, and making it easier to write efficient, expressive, and type-safe code.

1. Move Semantics - C++11 introduced a new type of reference, called an rvalue reference, which provides support for move semantics. This allows objects to be efficiently moved rather than copied, leading to improved performance and memory usage.

#include <iostream>
#include <utility>

int main() {
    std::string str = "Hello, World!";
    std::string str2 = std::move(str);
    std::cout << str2 << std::endl; // outputs "Hello, World!"
    return 0;
}

• Uniform Initialization - C++11 introduced a new syntax for initializing objects, called uniform initialization. This provides a more flexible and consistent way of initializing objects and eliminates most forms of the "most vexing parse" problem. For example:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> v = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
    for (const auto &e : v) {
        std::cout << e << " ";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl; // outputs "1 2 3 4 5 "
    return 0;
}

• Lambda Expressions - C++11 introduced lambda expressions, which allow you to define anonymous functions (or closures) that can capture variables from the surrounding scope. This makes it easier to write code that uses functional concepts such as map, reduce, and filter. For example:

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> v = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
    std::for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), [](int x) { std::cout << x << " "; });
    std::cout << std::endl; // outputs "1 2 3 4 5 "
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> v = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
    for (const auto &e : v) {
        std::cout << e << " ";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl; // outputs "1 2 3 4 5 "
    return 0;
}